The Nutrition Masters Course on Inflammation and Targeted Nutrition begins by exploring the cellular mechanisms for the distinct stages of inflammation initiation and resolution. Consequences of chronic inflammation are highlighted in this presentation. Evidence is provided for select nutritional bioactives that can modulate inflammation initiation, including palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), omega-3s EPA and DHA, curcumin, xanthohumol, Boswellia serrata, ginger, and tetrahydro-iso-alpha acids (THIAA). The science behind specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) and their critical role in inflammation resolution is examined, along with emerging areas of SPM research, and concluding insights on the clinical management of inflammation.